Node.js v25.0.0 文件

向監聽器傳遞引數和 this#

eventEmitter.emit() 方法允許將任意一組引數傳遞給監聽器函式。請記住，當一個普通的監聽器函式被呼叫時，標準的 this 關鍵字被有意地設定為引用監聽器所附加的 EventEmitter 例項。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.on('event', function(a, b) {
  console.log(a, b, this, this === myEmitter);
  // Prints:
  //   a b MyEmitter {
  //     _events: [Object: null prototype] { event: [Function (anonymous)] },
  //     _eventsCount: 1,
  //     _maxListeners: undefined,
  //     Symbol(shapeMode): false,
  //     Symbol(kCapture): false
  //   } true
});
myEmitter.emit('event', 'a', 'b');const EventEmitter = require('node:events');
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.on('event', function(a, b) {
  console.log(a, b, this, this === myEmitter);
  // Prints:
  //   a b MyEmitter {
  //     _events: [Object: null prototype] { event: [Function (anonymous)] },
  //     _eventsCount: 1,
  //     _maxListeners: undefined,
  //     Symbol(shapeMode): false,
  //     Symbol(kCapture): false
  //   } true
});
myEmitter.emit('event', 'a', 'b');copy

可以使用 ES6 箭頭函式作為監聽器，但是，這樣做時，this 關鍵字將不再引用 EventEmitter 例項。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.on('event', (a, b) => {
  console.log(a, b, this);
  // Prints: a b undefined
});
myEmitter.emit('event', 'a', 'b');const EventEmitter = require('node:events');
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.on('event', (a, b) => {
  console.log(a, b, this);
  // Prints: a b {}
});
myEmitter.emit('event', 'a', 'b');copy

非同步 vs. 同步#

EventEmitter 會按照監聽器註冊的順序同步呼叫所有監聽器。這確保了事件的正確排序，並有助於避免競態條件和邏輯錯誤。在適當的時候，監聽器函式可以使用 setImmediate() 或 process.nextTick() 方法切換到非同步操作模式。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.on('event', (a, b) => {
  setImmediate(() => {
    console.log('this happens asynchronously');
  });
});
myEmitter.emit('event', 'a', 'b');const EventEmitter = require('node:events');
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.on('event', (a, b) => {
  setImmediate(() => {
    console.log('this happens asynchronously');
  });
});
myEmitter.emit('event', 'a', 'b');copy

僅處理一次事件#

當使用 eventEmitter.on() 方法註冊一個監聽器時，該監聽器在每次發出命名事件時都會被呼叫。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
let m = 0;
myEmitter.on('event', () => {
  console.log(++m);
});
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints: 1
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints: 2const EventEmitter = require('node:events');
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
let m = 0;
myEmitter.on('event', () => {
  console.log(++m);
});
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints: 1
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints: 2copy

使用 eventEmitter.once() 方法，可以註冊一個對於特定事件最多隻呼叫一次的監聽器。一旦事件被髮出，監聽器就會被登出，然後被呼叫。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
let m = 0;
myEmitter.once('event', () => {
  console.log(++m);
});
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints: 1
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Ignoredconst EventEmitter = require('node:events');
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
let m = 0;
myEmitter.once('event', () => {
  console.log(++m);
});
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints: 1
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Ignoredcopy

錯誤事件#

當在 EventEmitter 例項中發生錯誤時，通常的操作是發出一個 'error' 事件。在 Node.js 中，這些被視為特殊情況。

如果一個 EventEmitter 沒有為 'error' 事件註冊至少一個監聽器，並且發出了一個 'error' 事件，錯誤就會被丟擲，列印堆疊跟蹤，然後 Node.js 程序退出。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.emit('error', new Error('whoops!'));
// Throws and crashes Node.jsconst EventEmitter = require('node:events');
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.emit('error', new Error('whoops!'));
// Throws and crashes Node.jscopy

為防止 Node.js 程序崩潰，可以使用 domain 模組。（但請注意，node:domain 模組已被棄用。）

作為最佳實踐，應始終為 'error' 事件新增監聽器。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.on('error', (err) => {
  console.error('whoops! there was an error');
});
myEmitter.emit('error', new Error('whoops!'));
// Prints: whoops! there was an errorconst EventEmitter = require('node:events');
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
myEmitter.on('error', (err) => {
  console.error('whoops! there was an error');
});
myEmitter.emit('error', new Error('whoops!'));
// Prints: whoops! there was an errorcopy

可以透過使用符號 events.errorMonitor 安裝監聽器來監視 'error' 事件，而無需消費發出的錯誤。

import { EventEmitter, errorMonitor } from 'node:events';

const myEmitter = new EventEmitter();
myEmitter.on(errorMonitor, (err) => {
  MyMonitoringTool.log(err);
});
myEmitter.emit('error', new Error('whoops!'));
// Still throws and crashes Node.jsconst { EventEmitter, errorMonitor } = require('node:events');

const myEmitter = new EventEmitter();
myEmitter.on(errorMonitor, (err) => {
  MyMonitoringTool.log(err);
});
myEmitter.emit('error', new Error('whoops!'));
// Still throws and crashes Node.jscopy

捕獲 promise 的拒絕#

在事件處理程式中使用 async 函式是有問題的，因為在丟擲異常的情況下可能導致未處理的拒絕。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const ee = new EventEmitter();
ee.on('something', async (value) => {
  throw new Error('kaboom');
});const EventEmitter = require('node:events');
const ee = new EventEmitter();
ee.on('something', async (value) => {
  throw new Error('kaboom');
});copy

EventEmitter 建構函式中的 captureRejections 選項或全域性設定會改變這種行為，它會在 Promise 上安裝一個 .then(undefined, handler) 處理程式。如果存在 Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection') 方法，此處理程式會非同步地將異常路由到該方法；如果沒有，則路由到 'error' 事件處理程式。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const ee1 = new EventEmitter({ captureRejections: true });
ee1.on('something', async (value) => {
  throw new Error('kaboom');
});

ee1.on('error', console.log);

const ee2 = new EventEmitter({ captureRejections: true });
ee2.on('something', async (value) => {
  throw new Error('kaboom');
});

ee2[Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')] = console.log;const EventEmitter = require('node:events');
const ee1 = new EventEmitter({ captureRejections: true });
ee1.on('something', async (value) => {
  throw new Error('kaboom');
});

ee1.on('error', console.log);

const ee2 = new EventEmitter({ captureRejections: true });
ee2.on('something', async (value) => {
  throw new Error('kaboom');
});

ee2[Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')] = console.log;copy

設定 events.captureRejections = true 將會改變所有新 EventEmitter 例項的預設行為。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';

EventEmitter.captureRejections = true;
const ee1 = new EventEmitter();
ee1.on('something', async (value) => {
  throw new Error('kaboom');
});

ee1.on('error', console.log);const events = require('node:events');
events.captureRejections = true;
const ee1 = new events.EventEmitter();
ee1.on('something', async (value) => {
  throw new Error('kaboom');
});

ee1.on('error', console.log);copy

由 captureRejections 行為生成的 'error' 事件沒有捕獲處理程式，以避免無限的錯誤迴圈：建議是不要使用 async 函式作為 'error' 事件處理程式。

類：EventEmitter#

EventEmitter 類由 node:events 模組定義和公開。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';const EventEmitter = require('node:events');copy

所有 EventEmitter 在新增新監聽器時會發出 'newListener' 事件，在移除現有監聽器時會發出 'removeListener' 事件。

它支援以下選項：

• captureRejections <boolean> 它啟用自動捕獲 promise 拒絕。預設值： false。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}

const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
// Only do this once so we don't loop forever
myEmitter.once('newListener', (event, listener) => {
  if (event === 'event') {
    // Insert a new listener in front
    myEmitter.on('event', () => {
      console.log('B');
    });
  }
});
myEmitter.on('event', () => {
  console.log('A');
});
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints:
//   B
//   Aconst EventEmitter = require('node:events');
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}

const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
// Only do this once so we don't loop forever
myEmitter.once('newListener', (event, listener) => {
  if (event === 'event') {
    // Insert a new listener in front
    myEmitter.on('event', () => {
      console.log('B');
    });
  }
});
myEmitter.on('event', () => {
  console.log('A');
});
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints:
//   B
//   Acopy

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const myEmitter = new EventEmitter();

// First listener
myEmitter.on('event', function firstListener() {
  console.log('Helloooo! first listener');
});
// Second listener
myEmitter.on('event', function secondListener(arg1, arg2) {
  console.log(`event with parameters ${arg1}, ${arg2} in second listener`);
});
// Third listener
myEmitter.on('event', function thirdListener(...args) {
  const parameters = args.join(', ');
  console.log(`event with parameters ${parameters} in third listener`);
});

console.log(myEmitter.listeners('event'));

myEmitter.emit('event', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);

// Prints:
// [
//   [Function: firstListener],
//   [Function: secondListener],
//   [Function: thirdListener]
// ]
// Helloooo! first listener
// event with parameters 1, 2 in second listener
// event with parameters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in third listenerconst EventEmitter = require('node:events');
const myEmitter = new EventEmitter();

// First listener
myEmitter.on('event', function firstListener() {
  console.log('Helloooo! first listener');
});
// Second listener
myEmitter.on('event', function secondListener(arg1, arg2) {
  console.log(`event with parameters ${arg1}, ${arg2} in second listener`);
});
// Third listener
myEmitter.on('event', function thirdListener(...args) {
  const parameters = args.join(', ');
  console.log(`event with parameters ${parameters} in third listener`);
});

console.log(myEmitter.listeners('event'));

myEmitter.emit('event', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);

// Prints:
// [
//   [Function: firstListener],
//   [Function: secondListener],
//   [Function: thirdListener]
// ]
// Helloooo! first listener
// event with parameters 1, 2 in second listener
// event with parameters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in third listenercopy

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';

const myEE = new EventEmitter();
myEE.on('foo', () => {});
myEE.on('bar', () => {});

const sym = Symbol('symbol');
myEE.on(sym, () => {});

console.log(myEE.eventNames());
// Prints: [ 'foo', 'bar', Symbol(symbol) ]const EventEmitter = require('node:events');

const myEE = new EventEmitter();
myEE.on('foo', () => {});
myEE.on('bar', () => {});

const sym = Symbol('symbol');
myEE.on(sym, () => {});

console.log(myEE.eventNames());
// Prints: [ 'foo', 'bar', Symbol(symbol) ]copy

server.on('connection', (stream) => {
  console.log('someone connected!');
});
console.log(util.inspect(server.listeners('connection')));
// Prints: [ [Function] ] copy

server.on('connection', (stream) => {
  console.log('someone connected!');
}); copy

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const myEE = new EventEmitter();
myEE.on('foo', () => console.log('a'));
myEE.prependListener('foo', () => console.log('b'));
myEE.emit('foo');
// Prints:
//   b
//   aconst EventEmitter = require('node:events');
const myEE = new EventEmitter();
myEE.on('foo', () => console.log('a'));
myEE.prependListener('foo', () => console.log('b'));
myEE.emit('foo');
// Prints:
//   b
//   acopy

server.once('connection', (stream) => {
  console.log('Ah, we have our first user!');
}); copy

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const myEE = new EventEmitter();
myEE.once('foo', () => console.log('a'));
myEE.prependOnceListener('foo', () => console.log('b'));
myEE.emit('foo');
// Prints:
//   b
//   aconst EventEmitter = require('node:events');
const myEE = new EventEmitter();
myEE.once('foo', () => console.log('a'));
myEE.prependOnceListener('foo', () => console.log('b'));
myEE.emit('foo');
// Prints:
//   b
//   acopy

server.prependListener('connection', (stream) => {
  console.log('someone connected!');
}); copy

server.prependOnceListener('connection', (stream) => {
  console.log('Ah, we have our first user!');
}); copy

const callback = (stream) => {
  console.log('someone connected!');
};
server.on('connection', callback);
// ...
server.removeListener('connection', callback); copy

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();

const callbackA = () => {
  console.log('A');
  myEmitter.removeListener('event', callbackB);
};

const callbackB = () => {
  console.log('B');
};

myEmitter.on('event', callbackA);

myEmitter.on('event', callbackB);

// callbackA removes listener callbackB but it will still be called.
// Internal listener array at time of emit [callbackA, callbackB]
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints:
//   A
//   B

// callbackB is now removed.
// Internal listener array [callbackA]
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints:
//   Aconst EventEmitter = require('node:events');
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();

const callbackA = () => {
  console.log('A');
  myEmitter.removeListener('event', callbackB);
};

const callbackB = () => {
  console.log('B');
};

myEmitter.on('event', callbackA);

myEmitter.on('event', callbackB);

// callbackA removes listener callbackB but it will still be called.
// Internal listener array at time of emit [callbackA, callbackB]
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints:
//   A
//   B

// callbackB is now removed.
// Internal listener array [callbackA]
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints:
//   Acopy

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const ee = new EventEmitter();

function pong() {
  console.log('pong');
}

ee.on('ping', pong);
ee.once('ping', pong);
ee.removeListener('ping', pong);

ee.emit('ping');
ee.emit('ping');const EventEmitter = require('node:events');
const ee = new EventEmitter();

function pong() {
  console.log('pong');
}

ee.on('ping', pong);
ee.once('ping', pong);
ee.removeListener('ping', pong);

ee.emit('ping');
ee.emit('ping');copy

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.once('log', () => console.log('log once'));

// Returns a new Array with a function `onceWrapper` which has a property
// `listener` which contains the original listener bound above
const listeners = emitter.rawListeners('log');
const logFnWrapper = listeners[0];

// Logs "log once" to the console and does not unbind the `once` event
logFnWrapper.listener();

// Logs "log once" to the console and removes the listener
logFnWrapper();

emitter.on('log', () => console.log('log persistently'));
// Will return a new Array with a single function bound by `.on()` above
const newListeners = emitter.rawListeners('log');

// Logs "log persistently" twice
newListeners[0]();
emitter.emit('log');const EventEmitter = require('node:events');
const emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.once('log', () => console.log('log once'));

// Returns a new Array with a function `onceWrapper` which has a property
// `listener` which contains the original listener bound above
const listeners = emitter.rawListeners('log');
const logFnWrapper = listeners[0];

// Logs "log once" to the console and does not unbind the `once` event
logFnWrapper.listener();

// Logs "log once" to the console and removes the listener
logFnWrapper();

emitter.on('log', () => console.log('log persistently'));
// Will return a new Array with a single function bound by `.on()` above
const newListeners = emitter.rawListeners('log');

// Logs "log persistently" twice
newListeners[0]();
emitter.emit('log');copy

import { EventEmitter, captureRejectionSymbol } from 'node:events';

class MyClass extends EventEmitter {
  constructor() {
    super({ captureRejections: true });
  }

  [captureRejectionSymbol](err, event, ...args) {
    console.log('rejection happened for', event, 'with', err, ...args);
    this.destroy(err);
  }

  destroy(err) {
    // Tear the resource down here.
  }
}const { EventEmitter, captureRejectionSymbol } = require('node:events');

class MyClass extends EventEmitter {
  constructor() {
    super({ captureRejections: true });
  }

  [captureRejectionSymbol](err, event, ...args) {
    console.log('rejection happened for', event, 'with', err, ...args);
    this.destroy(err);
  }

  destroy(err) {
    // Tear the resource down here.
  }
}copy

events.defaultMaxListeners#

預設情況下，任何單個事件最多可以註冊 10 個監聽器。可以使用 emitter.setMaxListeners(n) 方法為單個 EventEmitter 例項更改此限制。要更改所有 EventEmitter 例項的預設值，可以使用 events.defaultMaxListeners 屬性。如果此值不是正數，則會丟擲 RangeError。

設定 events.defaultMaxListeners 時要小心，因為此更改會影響所有 EventEmitter 例項，包括在更改之前建立的例項。但是，呼叫 emitter.setMaxListeners(n) 仍然優先於 events.defaultMaxListeners。

這不是一個硬性限制。EventEmitter 例項將允許新增更多監聽器，但會向 stderr 輸出一個跟蹤警告，指示檢測到“可能的 EventEmitter 記憶體洩漏”。對於任何單個 EventEmitter，可以使用 emitter.getMaxListeners() 和 emitter.setMaxListeners() 方法臨時避免此警告。

defaultMaxListeners 對 AbortSignal 例項沒有影響。雖然仍然可以使用 emitter.setMaxListeners(n) 為單個 AbortSignal 例項設定警告限制，但預設情況下 AbortSignal 例項不會發出警告。

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.setMaxListeners(emitter.getMaxListeners() + 1);
emitter.once('event', () => {
  // do stuff
  emitter.setMaxListeners(Math.max(emitter.getMaxListeners() - 1, 0));
});const EventEmitter = require('node:events');
const emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.setMaxListeners(emitter.getMaxListeners() + 1);
emitter.once('event', () => {
  // do stuff
  emitter.setMaxListeners(Math.max(emitter.getMaxListeners() - 1, 0));
});copy

可以使用 --trace-warnings 命令列標誌來顯示此類警告的堆疊跟蹤。

發出的警告可以透過 process.on('warning') 進行檢查，並將具有額外的 emitter、type 和 count 屬性，分別指事件發射器例項、事件名稱和附加的監聽器數量。其 name 屬性設定為 'MaxListenersExceededWarning'。

events.errorMonitor#

此符號應用於安裝一個僅用於監視 'error' 事件的監聽器。使用此符號安裝的監聽器在常規 'error' 監聽器被呼叫之前被呼叫。

使用此符號安裝監聽器不會改變一旦發出 'error' 事件後的行為。因此，如果沒有安裝常規的 'error' 監聽器，程序仍然會崩潰。

events.getEventListeners(emitterOrTarget, eventName)#

• emitterOrTarget <EventEmitter> | <EventTarget>
• eventName <string> | <symbol>
• 返回：<Function[]>

返回名為 eventName 的事件的監聽器陣列的副本。

對於 EventEmitter，此行為與在發射器上呼叫 .listeners 完全相同。

對於 EventTarget，這是獲取事件目標的事件監聽器的唯一方法。這對於除錯和診斷目的很有用。

import { getEventListeners, EventEmitter } from 'node:events';

{
  const ee = new EventEmitter();
  const listener = () => console.log('Events are fun');
  ee.on('foo', listener);
  console.log(getEventListeners(ee, 'foo')); // [ [Function: listener] ]
}
{
  const et = new EventTarget();
  const listener = () => console.log('Events are fun');
  et.addEventListener('foo', listener);
  console.log(getEventListeners(et, 'foo')); // [ [Function: listener] ]
}const { getEventListeners, EventEmitter } = require('node:events');

{
  const ee = new EventEmitter();
  const listener = () => console.log('Events are fun');
  ee.on('foo', listener);
  console.log(getEventListeners(ee, 'foo')); // [ [Function: listener] ]
}
{
  const et = new EventTarget();
  const listener = () => console.log('Events are fun');
  et.addEventListener('foo', listener);
  console.log(getEventListeners(et, 'foo')); // [ [Function: listener] ]
}copy

events.getMaxListeners(emitterOrTarget)#

• emitterOrTarget <EventEmitter> | <EventTarget>
• 返回：<number>

返回當前設定的最大監聽器數量。

對於 EventEmitter，此行為與在發射器上呼叫 .getMaxListeners 完全相同。

對於 EventTarget，這是獲取事件目標的最大事件監聽器數量的唯一方法。如果單個 EventTarget 上的事件處理程式數量超過了設定的最大值，EventTarget 將列印一個警告。

import { getMaxListeners, setMaxListeners, EventEmitter } from 'node:events';

{
  const ee = new EventEmitter();
  console.log(getMaxListeners(ee)); // 10
  setMaxListeners(11, ee);
  console.log(getMaxListeners(ee)); // 11
}
{
  const et = new EventTarget();
  console.log(getMaxListeners(et)); // 10
  setMaxListeners(11, et);
  console.log(getMaxListeners(et)); // 11
}const { getMaxListeners, setMaxListeners, EventEmitter } = require('node:events');

{
  const ee = new EventEmitter();
  console.log(getMaxListeners(ee)); // 10
  setMaxListeners(11, ee);
  console.log(getMaxListeners(ee)); // 11
}
{
  const et = new EventTarget();
  console.log(getMaxListeners(et)); // 10
  setMaxListeners(11, et);
  console.log(getMaxListeners(et)); // 11
}copy

events.once(emitter, name[, options])#

• emitter <EventEmitter>
• name <string> | <symbol>
• options <Object>
  • signal <AbortSignal> 可用於取消等待事件。
• 返回：<Promise>

建立一個 Promise，當 EventEmitter 發出給定事件時，該 Promise 會被兌現；或者如果在等待期間 EventEmitter 發出 'error'，則該 Promise 會被拒絕。該 Promise 將以一個包含所有傳遞給給定事件的引數的陣列來解決。

此方法特意設計為通用的，並且適用於 Web 平臺的 EventTarget 介面，該介面沒有特殊的 'error' 事件語義，並且不監聽 'error' 事件。

import { once, EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
import process from 'node:process';

const ee = new EventEmitter();

process.nextTick(() => {
  ee.emit('myevent', 42);
});

const [value] = await once(ee, 'myevent');
console.log(value);

const err = new Error('kaboom');
process.nextTick(() => {
  ee.emit('error', err);
});

try {
  await once(ee, 'myevent');
} catch (err) {
  console.error('error happened', err);
}const { once, EventEmitter } = require('node:events');

async function run() {
  const ee = new EventEmitter();

  process.nextTick(() => {
    ee.emit('myevent', 42);
  });

  const [value] = await once(ee, 'myevent');
  console.log(value);

  const err = new Error('kaboom');
  process.nextTick(() => {
    ee.emit('error', err);
  });

  try {
    await once(ee, 'myevent');
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('error happened', err);
  }
}

run();copy

對 'error' 事件的特殊處理僅在 events.once() 用於等待另一個事件時使用。如果 events.once() 用於等待 'error' 事件本身，那麼它將被視為任何其他型別的事件，沒有特殊處理。

import { EventEmitter, once } from 'node:events';

const ee = new EventEmitter();

once(ee, 'error')
  .then(([err]) => console.log('ok', err.message))
  .catch((err) => console.error('error', err.message));

ee.emit('error', new Error('boom'));

// Prints: ok boomconst { EventEmitter, once } = require('node:events');

const ee = new EventEmitter();

once(ee, 'error')
  .then(([err]) => console.log('ok', err.message))
  .catch((err) => console.error('error', err.message));

ee.emit('error', new Error('boom'));

// Prints: ok boomcopy

可以使用 <AbortSignal> 來取消等待事件。

import { EventEmitter, once } from 'node:events';

const ee = new EventEmitter();
const ac = new AbortController();

async function foo(emitter, event, signal) {
  try {
    await once(emitter, event, { signal });
    console.log('event emitted!');
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.name === 'AbortError') {
      console.error('Waiting for the event was canceled!');
    } else {
      console.error('There was an error', error.message);
    }
  }
}

foo(ee, 'foo', ac.signal);
ac.abort(); // Prints: Waiting for the event was canceled!const { EventEmitter, once } = require('node:events');

const ee = new EventEmitter();
const ac = new AbortController();

async function foo(emitter, event, signal) {
  try {
    await once(emitter, event, { signal });
    console.log('event emitted!');
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.name === 'AbortError') {
      console.error('Waiting for the event was canceled!');
    } else {
      console.error('There was an error', error.message);
    }
  }
}

foo(ee, 'foo', ac.signal);
ac.abort(); // Prints: Waiting for the event was canceled!copy

import { EventEmitter, once } from 'node:events';
import process from 'node:process';

const myEE = new EventEmitter();

async function foo() {
  await once(myEE, 'bar');
  console.log('bar');

  // This Promise will never resolve because the 'foo' event will
  // have already been emitted before the Promise is created.
  await once(myEE, 'foo');
  console.log('foo');
}

process.nextTick(() => {
  myEE.emit('bar');
  myEE.emit('foo');
});

foo().then(() => console.log('done'));const { EventEmitter, once } = require('node:events');

const myEE = new EventEmitter();

async function foo() {
  await once(myEE, 'bar');
  console.log('bar');

  // This Promise will never resolve because the 'foo' event will
  // have already been emitted before the Promise is created.
  await once(myEE, 'foo');
  console.log('foo');
}

process.nextTick(() => {
  myEE.emit('bar');
  myEE.emit('foo');
});

foo().then(() => console.log('done'));copy

import { EventEmitter, once } from 'node:events';
import process from 'node:process';

const myEE = new EventEmitter();

async function foo() {
  await Promise.all([once(myEE, 'bar'), once(myEE, 'foo')]);
  console.log('foo', 'bar');
}

process.nextTick(() => {
  myEE.emit('bar');
  myEE.emit('foo');
});

foo().then(() => console.log('done'));const { EventEmitter, once } = require('node:events');

const myEE = new EventEmitter();

async function foo() {
  await Promise.all([once(myEE, 'bar'), once(myEE, 'foo')]);
  console.log('foo', 'bar');
}

process.nextTick(() => {
  myEE.emit('bar');
  myEE.emit('foo');
});

foo().then(() => console.log('done'));copy

events.captureRejections#

• 型別：<boolean>

更改所有新 EventEmitter 物件上的預設 captureRejections 選項。

events.captureRejectionSymbol#

• 型別：<symbol> Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')

參見如何編寫自定義拒絕處理程式。

events.listenerCount(emitter, eventName)#

• emitter <EventEmitter> 要查詢的發射器
• eventName <string> | <symbol> 事件名稱

一個類方法，返回在給定 emitter 上為給定 eventName 註冊的監聽器數量。

import { EventEmitter, listenerCount } from 'node:events';

const myEmitter = new EventEmitter();
myEmitter.on('event', () => {});
myEmitter.on('event', () => {});
console.log(listenerCount(myEmitter, 'event'));
// Prints: 2const { EventEmitter, listenerCount } = require('node:events');

const myEmitter = new EventEmitter();
myEmitter.on('event', () => {});
myEmitter.on('event', () => {});
console.log(listenerCount(myEmitter, 'event'));
// Prints: 2copy

events.on(emitter, eventName[, options])#

• emitter <EventEmitter>
• eventName <string> | <symbol> 正在監聽的事件的名稱
• options <Object>
  • signal <AbortSignal> 可用於取消等待事件。
  • close <string[]> 將結束迭代的事件名稱。
  • highWaterMark <integer> 預設值： Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER 高水位線。每當緩衝事件的大小高於它時，發射器就會暫停。僅在實現了 pause() 和 resume() 方法的發射器上支援。
  • lowWaterMark <integer> 預設值： 1 低水位線。每當緩衝事件的大小低於它時，發射器就會恢復。僅在實現了 pause() 和 resume() 方法的發射器上支援。
• 返回：<AsyncIterator> 迭代由 emitter 發出的 eventName 事件

import { on, EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
import process from 'node:process';

const ee = new EventEmitter();

// Emit later on
process.nextTick(() => {
  ee.emit('foo', 'bar');
  ee.emit('foo', 42);
});

for await (const event of on(ee, 'foo')) {
  // The execution of this inner block is synchronous and it
  // processes one event at a time (even with await). Do not use
  // if concurrent execution is required.
  console.log(event); // prints ['bar'] [42]
}
// Unreachable hereconst { on, EventEmitter } = require('node:events');

(async () => {
  const ee = new EventEmitter();

  // Emit later on
  process.nextTick(() => {
    ee.emit('foo', 'bar');
    ee.emit('foo', 42);
  });

  for await (const event of on(ee, 'foo')) {
    // The execution of this inner block is synchronous and it
    // processes one event at a time (even with await). Do not use
    // if concurrent execution is required.
    console.log(event); // prints ['bar'] [42]
  }
  // Unreachable here
})();copy

返回一個迭代 eventName 事件的 AsyncIterator。如果 EventEmitter 發出 'error'，它將丟擲錯誤。當退出迴圈時，它會移除所有監聽器。每次迭代返回的 value 是一個由發出的事件引數組成的陣列。

可以使用 <AbortSignal> 來取消對事件的等待。

import { on, EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
import process from 'node:process';

const ac = new AbortController();

(async () => {
  const ee = new EventEmitter();

  // Emit later on
  process.nextTick(() => {
    ee.emit('foo', 'bar');
    ee.emit('foo', 42);
  });

  for await (const event of on(ee, 'foo', { signal: ac.signal })) {
    // The execution of this inner block is synchronous and it
    // processes one event at a time (even with await). Do not use
    // if concurrent execution is required.
    console.log(event); // prints ['bar'] [42]
  }
  // Unreachable here
})();

process.nextTick(() => ac.abort());const { on, EventEmitter } = require('node:events');

const ac = new AbortController();

(async () => {
  const ee = new EventEmitter();

  // Emit later on
  process.nextTick(() => {
    ee.emit('foo', 'bar');
    ee.emit('foo', 42);
  });

  for await (const event of on(ee, 'foo', { signal: ac.signal })) {
    // The execution of this inner block is synchronous and it
    // processes one event at a time (even with await). Do not use
    // if concurrent execution is required.
    console.log(event); // prints ['bar'] [42]
  }
  // Unreachable here
})();

process.nextTick(() => ac.abort());copy

events.setMaxListeners(n[, ...eventTargets])#

• n <number> 一個非負數。每個 EventTarget 事件的最大監聽器數。
• ...eventsTargets <EventTarget[]> | <EventEmitter[]> 零個或多個 <EventTarget> 或 <EventEmitter> 例項。如果未指定，n 將被設定為所有新建立的 <EventTarget> 和 <EventEmitter> 物件的預設最大值。

import { setMaxListeners, EventEmitter } from 'node:events';

const target = new EventTarget();
const emitter = new EventEmitter();

setMaxListeners(5, target, emitter);const {
  setMaxListeners,
  EventEmitter,
} = require('node:events');

const target = new EventTarget();
const emitter = new EventEmitter();

setMaxListeners(5, target, emitter);copy

events.addAbortListener(signal, listener)#

• signal <AbortSignal>
• listener <Function> | <EventListener>
• 返回：<Disposable> 一個移除 abort 監聽器的 Disposable 物件。

在提供的 signal 上監聽一次 abort 事件。

在中止訊號上監聽 abort 事件是不安全的，可能會導致資源洩漏，因為擁有該訊號的第三方可以呼叫 e.stopImmediatePropagation()。不幸的是，Node.js 無法改變這一點，因為這會違反 Web 標準。此外，原始 API 很容易讓人忘記移除監聽器。

此 API 透過以一種方式監聽事件，使得 stopImmediatePropagation 不會阻止監聽器執行，從而解決了這兩個問題，允許在 Node.js API 中安全地使用 AbortSignal。

返回一個 disposable 物件，以便可以更容易地取消訂閱。

const { addAbortListener } = require('node:events');

function example(signal) {
  let disposable;
  try {
    signal.addEventListener('abort', (e) => e.stopImmediatePropagation());
    disposable = addAbortListener(signal, (e) => {
      // Do something when signal is aborted.
    });
  } finally {
    disposable?.[Symbol.dispose]();
  }
}import { addAbortListener } from 'node:events';

function example(signal) {
  let disposable;
  try {
    signal.addEventListener('abort', (e) => e.stopImmediatePropagation());
    disposable = addAbortListener(signal, (e) => {
      // Do something when signal is aborted.
    });
  } finally {
    disposable?.[Symbol.dispose]();
  }
}copy

類：events.EventEmitterAsyncResource extends EventEmitter#

將 EventEmitter 與 <AsyncResource> 整合，用於需要手動非同步跟蹤的 EventEmitter。具體來說，由 events.EventEmitterAsyncResource 例項發出的所有事件都將在其非同步上下文中執行。

import { EventEmitterAsyncResource, EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
import { notStrictEqual, strictEqual } from 'node:assert';
import { executionAsyncId, triggerAsyncId } from 'node:async_hooks';

// Async tracking tooling will identify this as 'Q'.
const ee1 = new EventEmitterAsyncResource({ name: 'Q' });

// 'foo' listeners will run in the EventEmitters async context.
ee1.on('foo', () => {
  strictEqual(executionAsyncId(), ee1.asyncId);
  strictEqual(triggerAsyncId(), ee1.triggerAsyncId);
});

const ee2 = new EventEmitter();

// 'foo' listeners on ordinary EventEmitters that do not track async
// context, however, run in the same async context as the emit().
ee2.on('foo', () => {
  notStrictEqual(executionAsyncId(), ee2.asyncId);
  notStrictEqual(triggerAsyncId(), ee2.triggerAsyncId);
});

Promise.resolve().then(() => {
  ee1.emit('foo');
  ee2.emit('foo');
});const { EventEmitterAsyncResource, EventEmitter } = require('node:events');
const { notStrictEqual, strictEqual } = require('node:assert');
const { executionAsyncId, triggerAsyncId } = require('node:async_hooks');

// Async tracking tooling will identify this as 'Q'.
const ee1 = new EventEmitterAsyncResource({ name: 'Q' });

// 'foo' listeners will run in the EventEmitters async context.
ee1.on('foo', () => {
  strictEqual(executionAsyncId(), ee1.asyncId);
  strictEqual(triggerAsyncId(), ee1.triggerAsyncId);
});

const ee2 = new EventEmitter();

// 'foo' listeners on ordinary EventEmitters that do not track async
// context, however, run in the same async context as the emit().
ee2.on('foo', () => {
  notStrictEqual(executionAsyncId(), ee2.asyncId);
  notStrictEqual(triggerAsyncId(), ee2.triggerAsyncId);
});

Promise.resolve().then(() => {
  ee1.emit('foo');
  ee2.emit('foo');
});copy

EventEmitterAsyncResource 類具有與 EventEmitter 和 AsyncResource 自身相同的方法和選項。

EventTarget 和 Event API#

EventTarget 和 Event 物件是 EventTarget Web API 的 Node.js 特定實現，由一些 Node.js 核心 API 公開。

const target = new EventTarget();

target.addEventListener('foo', (event) => {
  console.log('foo event happened!');
}); copy

function handler1(event) {
  console.log(event.type);  // Prints 'foo'
  event.a = 1;
}

async function handler2(event) {
  console.log(event.type);  // Prints 'foo'
  console.log(event.a);  // Prints 1
}

const handler3 = {
  handleEvent(event) {
    console.log(event.type);  // Prints 'foo'
  },
};

const handler4 = {
  async handleEvent(event) {
    console.log(event.type);  // Prints 'foo'
  },
};

const target = new EventTarget();

target.addEventListener('foo', handler1);
target.addEventListener('foo', handler2);
target.addEventListener('foo', handler3);
target.addEventListener('foo', handler4, { once: true }); copy

function handler(event) {}

const target = new EventTarget();
target.addEventListener('foo', handler, { capture: true });  // first
target.addEventListener('foo', handler, { capture: false }); // second

// Removes the second instance of handler
target.removeEventListener('foo', handler);

// Removes the first instance of handler
target.removeEventListener('foo', handler, { capture: true }); copy